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Abstract/Sommario: The political position of Finland 1914-1925 - Why did Finland escape the 1921 crisis? An experiment in analysis according to the quantity theory of money - Devaluation and the return of the gold standard at a new parity 1922-1925. A study of economic policy.

Abstract/Sommario: In the research program of the Project, this study on Italy is intended to make a special contribution in two respects. The first, as has been indicated by the Policy Committee Statement, is to illustrate the main features of Western Europe’s energy position and the possible role of nuclear power in meeting the problems of an energy-deficit industriai economy. A secondary objective is to outline certain implications of the emerging competitive interrelation between nuclear energy and o ...; [Leggi tutto...] In the research program of the Project, this study on Italy is intended to make a special contribution in two respects. The first, as has been indicated by the Policy Committee Statement, is to illustrate the main features of Western Europe’s energy position and the possible role of nuclear power in meeting the problems of an energy-deficit industriai economy. A secondary objective is to outline certain implications of the emerging competitive interrelation between nuclear energy and oil required for electric power plants.
To undertake this study the Project was fortunate in securing, through Professor Max F. Millikan, Director, the assistance of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Under the direction of Professor P. N Rosenstein-Rodan, the Italy Project of the Center has acquired a rich background of economie research and consultative experience, here and in Italy, on the growth and prospect of this economy. Professor Rosenstein-Rodan formerly was head of the economic advisory staff, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and prior to that was on the faculty of the University of London.
Joining with Professor Rosenstein-Rodan in the preparation of this study is I.M.D. Little, Fellow of Nuffield College, formerly a senior officer in the Offices of the Cabinet (Treasury), and the author of The Price of fuel, Oxford, 1953.
Almost all the research for the study was carried on in Italy 1955-57, in connection with the Center’s project there. Many persons here and in Italy have contributed to the report. In Italy the following organizations have supplied Information and advice: ANIDEL (National Association of Producers and Distnbutors of Electric Energy); SVIMEZ (Association for the Development of the South); and IRI (Institute for Industriai Reconstruction). Most valuable advice has also been obtained from Professors Francesco Giordani, P. Saranceno, Ing C. Buonocore (Naples) and Dr. P. Matteo (ANIDEL).

Abstract/Sommario: This book is an attempt to define the relationship between public relations and public opinion as conveyed by the content of the mass media of communication. It also explores the semantic principles of communication and public relations content.
At the present time, colleges and universities throughout the country offer undergraduate and graduate study in public relations and the communication arts, in addition to adult education and professional school courses. While there are satisf ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book is an attempt to define the relationship between public relations and public opinion as conveyed by the content of the mass media of communication. It also explores the semantic principles of communication and public relations content.
At the present time, colleges and universities throughout the country offer undergraduate and graduate study in public relations and the communication arts, in addition to adult education and professional school courses. While there are satisfactory individuai studies available in the fields of public relations, publicity, public opinion, and propaganda, there does not appear to be any volume which relates the practice of public relations to the phenomenon of opinion formation by means of the mass inedia. In thè experience of thè author, public relations cannot be practiced in a vacuum; nor can it be reduced to publicity techniques. If public relations is to grow in stature as an ethical profession, its practitioners — as well as the press and the public — must invest it with professional recognition. This means that those who seek a genuine knowledge of the theory and practice of public relations will require an understanding of the principles of semantics, of the history and function of the mass media, and of the nature of public opinion, propaganda, and ethics.
The practice of public relations, involved as it is with public opinion and mass communication, is never free from criticism.
Healthy criticism is a constructive force. What is unfortunate, however, is the frequent tendency to view any attempt to inform and/or influence public opinion as a destructive force. The process of persuasion is not always negative or nefarious. Of course, public relations (like law, or medicine, or any other profession) can be destructive and even dangerous. On the other hand, public opinion formation which comes about through information and honest persuasion can make an affirmative contribution to democracy. In a democracy, there are multiple choices, many alternatives. In a free and competitive society public opinion, which always reacts to implicit controversy, is not shackled. The democratic way of life makes possible the art of persuasion from many quarters; and the fact that many interests practice the art of persuasion does, in a sense, serve the ends of democracy.
The author has attempted to describe public relations in terms of function; to explore public opinion research and each of the mass media as it relates to public relations; to indicate how public relations is practiced both in terms of policy and in terms of publicity, promotion, and advertising; and, finally, to explore the relationship between public relations and propaganda and to indicate at least some of the major ethical considerations inherent in the practice of public relations and the use of the mass media.

Abstract/Sommario: The Twentieth Century Fund has directed several of its studies to the problem of economie development. An over-all formulation — Approaches to Economic Development by Norman S. Buchanan and Howard S. Ellis — has been supplemented by analyses of particular countries.
The case of Honduras seemed to the Trustees to offer particular interest. The economy of this small country did not provide ready promises of growth, yet a national eagerness to improve the situation made an impartial surv ...; [Leggi tutto...] The Twentieth Century Fund has directed several of its studies to the problem of economie development. An over-all formulation — Approaches to Economic Development by Norman S. Buchanan and Howard S. Ellis — has been supplemented by analyses of particular countries.
The case of Honduras seemed to the Trustees to offer particular interest. The economy of this small country did not provide ready promises of growth, yet a national eagerness to improve the situation made an impartial survey of the prospects and possibilities appear a highly worth-while undertaking.
The Fund has been fortunate in securing for this survey the Services of Vincent Checchi and his associates. Their estensive field work for this study has been carried out against a background of wide experience in programs for economic development. Their report is of value not only in regard to Honduras itself but as an example of analysis and the shaping of recommendations which may have far wider applications.
The Fund study was initiated at the end of 1957, when the promulgation of a new Constitution and the assumption of power by a popularly elected President and Congress promised an end to the politicai uncertainties which had plagued Honduras since 1954. This political stability, auguring well for the future of the country, has been overlaid by fresh economic difficulties. Reverses suffered by the all-important banana industry — reducing government revenues, foreign exchange receipts and employment — have threatened to weaken the economic base for future development. Thus there is an additional handicap to be overcome before this small nation anxious to improve the economic welfare of its people, can move successfully toward its aim.

Abstract/Sommario: Wht the Treaty was signed - What the Treaty says - The development of the Organization - The present structure of the Organization - Nato's activities and achievements - The past and the future - Appendices - Charts.

Abstract/Sommario: The nature and characteristics of profit-sharing schemes - Profit and distribution schemes - Capital schemes - Reflections and conclusions.

Abstract/Sommario: Origins of the debt ceiling - Characteristics of the national debt - The case for the debt ceiling - The case against the debt ceiling - Economics of the national debt - Toward fiscal discipline.

Abstract/Sommario: A Century of American Policy, 1844-1943 - A review of Kuomintang-Chinese Communist Relations, 1921-1944 - The Ambassadorship of Major General Patrick J. Hurley, 1944-1945 - The Yalta agreement and the Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1945 - The Mission of general George C. Marshall, 1945-1947 - The Ambassadorship of John Leighton Stuart, 1947-1949 - The Military Picture, 1945-1949 - The Program of American Economic Aid, 1947-1949.

Abstract/Sommario: General issues - The power struggle in Europe - The growing crisis in the Middle East - Independent Asia and the great powers.