Risultati ricerca

Abstract/Sommario: Udienze davanti alla Sottocommissione per l'antitrust e il monopolio della Commissione per la magistratura, Senato degli Stati Uniti (marzo-aprile 1965).

Abstract/Sommario: Groups, rings, and modules - Field theory - Linear algebra and representations.

Abstract/Sommario: Competition, fewness, and spontaneous coordination - Classical oligopoly theory and its extensions - Stackelberg's indifference maps: extension of the analysis to related market structures - The pure theory: maximization of joint profits - Limitations of profit maximization: the monopoly-oligopoly problem (safety margins; long-run objectives; controlling groups) - Further limitations: the specific oligopoly problem (Cutthroat competition and the desire to avoid it; improvement by non-p ...; [Leggi tutto...] Competition, fewness, and spontaneous coordination - Classical oligopoly theory and its extensions - Stackelberg's indifference maps: extension of the analysis to related market structures - The pure theory: maximization of joint profits - Limitations of profit maximization: the monopoly-oligopoly problem (safety margins; long-run objectives; controlling groups) - Further limitations: the specific oligopoly problem (Cutthroat competition and the desire to avoid it; improvement by non-price competition; cost and product differences) - Concise statement of limited joint maximization - Limited joint maximization for the family of market structures - Bilateral monopoly on product markets - The element of bilateral monopoly in labor-management relations - Problems of appraisal and policy.

Abstract/Sommario: The negotiations for the admission of the United Kingdom as a member of the European Economic Community served at least one useful purpose in directing the attention of British lawyers to the kinds of problems involved in trading with those countries which are signatories to the Treaty of Rome. Among the most important provisions of that Treaty are those which are designed to facilitate freedom of trade and competition within the territories of those States who are members of the Commo ...; [Leggi tutto...] The negotiations for the admission of the United Kingdom as a member of the European Economic Community served at least one useful purpose in directing the attention of British lawyers to the kinds of problems involved in trading with those countries which are signatories to the Treaty of Rome. Among the most important provisions of that Treaty are those which are designed to facilitate freedom of trade and competition within the territories of those States who are members of the Common Market. Although the negotiations have, at any rate for the time being, proved abortive, these provisions of the Treaty itself and of the Regulations, Directions and Decisions made thereunder remain of immediate practical importance to industriai and commercial enterprises in the United Kingdom who trade with the Common Market countries. In the forefront of these provisions are Articles 85 and 86 of the Treaty and the Regulations which deal with restrictive trade practices and monopolies.
These Articles and Regulations break new ground. They contain a novel code of law different from the existing legislation, if any, on this subject which existed in the Member States themselves. It is no exaggeration to say that no one, whether inside or outside the Common Market, can prudently enter into business relations with a competitor or even an agent inside the Common Market without informing himself about the provisions of this new Code.
I am glad to have the opportunity of welcoming this present work of Mr. Alan Campbell, which is designed to supply the necessary information. It is not intended as a comparative study of the restrictive practices law of the United Kingdom and the Common Market. It is indeed too early for such a study to be usefully made. Nevertheless the Regulations are now in force and Mr. Campbell’s book has the more modest and severely practical aim of enabling business interests in this country to know where they stand and what they must do in order to conduct their business relations with the Common Market in conformity with its recently promulgated law of restrictive practices and monopolies. This, after all, is what the business man and his legal advisers need to know. They should be able to find the answers in the present volume.

Abstract/Sommario: When we began to write this book in the early autumn of 1962, there still appeared to be an even chance that this country might join the European Economic Community. The hopes of those who then expected the negotiations for membership of the United Kingdom to be brought to an early and successful conclusion have since been disappointed. None can say what the effect of membership of the Community would have been. One thing, however, is certain—that the development of the Community and i ...; [Leggi tutto...] When we began to write this book in the early autumn of 1962, there still appeared to be an even chance that this country might join the European Economic Community. The hopes of those who then expected the negotiations for membership of the United Kingdom to be brought to an early and successful conclusion have since been disappointed. None can say what the effect of membership of the Community would have been. One thing, however, is certain—that the development of the Community and its law cannot be ignored by a country which derives much of its income from foreign trade. It must remain in constant touch with developments overseas.
With these considerations in mind, we were not dismayed when in the midst of our labours the negotiations for entry of the United Kingdom into the Common Market broke down. This development did mean, however, that henceforth we had to face both ways, as it were. Future membership of the United Kingdom in the Community still remained within the realm of possibility, and accordingly we decided to present the law not only on the basis of the situation as it now is but also on the hypothesis that one day this country might join the Common Market. We have tried, therefore, to explain the law as it is, given the fact that this country is outside the Community, and also as it would be if the United Kingdom should ever become a member at some time in the future.
Quite apart, however, from this basic problem, we had to face another. The law of the Community, as well as that of its members, is in a Constant state of flux, and certain changes had to be incorporated while this book was being written. We have attempted to keep pace with these changes and are presenting the law as it stands on May 1, 1963.
The English translations of the various Articles of the Rome Treaty (March 25,1957) and of Regulations 17, 26 and 27 of the European Economic Community printed in this work are Crown Copyright and are reproduced by kind permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. We have been asked to emphasise that these translations were prepared for the convenience of Parliament and the public and are not to be treated as official or authentic texts.
The various provisions of the German Law against Restraints on Competition, 1957, printed in Appendix XII, and Artide 65 of the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, printed in Appendix XIII, are reproduced by kind permission of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The remaining translations are the responsibility of the authors.

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction - Bilateral monopoly - Oligopoly - Conclusion.

Abstract/Sommario: Motives for nationalization - Types - Organization and management - Personnel - Finance - The Minister and the enterprise - Parliament and the enterprise - Consumers' consultation - Industrial relations - The measurement of efficiency - The future of nationalization - Table of sources.

Abstract/Sommario: Logic, norms and roles - Choice behavior and monetary payoff: strong and weak conditioning - Can subjects be human and humans be subjects? - Two-person interactive learning: a progress report - The application of learning models to interactive behavior - Application to a Markov learning mode to a simple detection situation involving social pressure - The process of choosing a reference group - Reward structures and the allocation of effort - Theoretical treatments of differential rewar ...; [Leggi tutto...] Logic, norms and roles - Choice behavior and monetary payoff: strong and weak conditioning - Can subjects be human and humans be subjects? - Two-person interactive learning: a progress report - The application of learning models to interactive behavior - Application to a Markov learning mode to a simple detection situation involving social pressure - The process of choosing a reference group - Reward structures and the allocation of effort - Theoretical treatments of differential reward in multiple-choice learning and two-person interactions - Le théorème de Bayes et les processus d'influence sociale - The structure of interpersonal behavior in the Dyad - Two-alternative learning in interdependent Dyads - Some aspects of power in small groups - Experimental studies of conflict in some two-person - Group and individual behavior in free-recall verbal learning - Some puzzling aspects of social interaction - Speed and accuracy of cognitive achievement in small groups - Subtask phasing in small groups - Two-person interactions in a continuous-response task - A topological approach to the measurement of social phenomena - On the reliability of group judgements and decisions - Analysis of social conformity in terms of generalized conditioning models.

Abstract/Sommario: Introductory remarks - General theory of partial differential equations of first order - Differential equations of higher order - Potential theory and elliptic differential equations - Hyperbolic differential equations in two independent variables - Hyperbolic differential equations in more than two independent variables - Representations of solutions.

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction - Generalized harmonic analysis - Probability - Random variables, ensembles, and distributions - Averages - The Poisson distribution, the normal density, and other densities - Time averages and ensemble averages - Analytical determination of correlation functions and power density spectrums of random processes - Summary of basic concepts and tools - Measurement of correlation functions and probability densities - Sampling theory - Detection of a periodic signal in noise by ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction - Generalized harmonic analysis - Probability - Random variables, ensembles, and distributions - Averages - The Poisson distribution, the normal density, and other densities - Time averages and ensemble averages - Analytical determination of correlation functions and power density spectrums of random processes - Summary of basic concepts and tools - Measurement of correlation functions and probability densities - Sampling theory - Detection of a periodic signal in noise by correlation - Fundamental relations for a linear system and certain applications - Optimum linear systems - Optimum filtering and prediction - Errors in optimum systems - Some problems in the theory of optimum systems - Representation of correlation functions and power density spectrums by orthonormal functions - Synthesis of optimum linear systems by means of orthonormal functions.